级区分“no”和“not”:前者作名词/形容词表否定回答或禁止;后者为副词,需搭配
三年级英语学习中,区分 no 和 not 是一个常见难点,这两个词都表示否定意义,但用法截然不同,以下是详细的对比分析、典型例句及记忆技巧,帮助孩子彻底掌握它们的区别:

🔍 核心区别归纳表
特征 | no | not |
---|---|---|
词性 | 形容词/副词(独立使用) | 副词(必须依附于动词、系动词或助动词) |
位置 | 句首、名词前 | 动词后、be动词/情态动词/助动词之后 |
功能 | 直接否定整个句子或回答一般疑问句 | 修饰谓语部分构成否定结构 |
常见搭配 | "No smoking!";Is there...? → No. | do + not = don't; am/is/are + not |
标点符号 | 结尾用句号(陈述句)或感叹号 | 根据原句语气决定(问号/句号均可) |
📌 详细用法解析
✅ No的四大场景
1️⃣ 单独作答
当别人提出Yes/No型疑问句时,直接用"No"回答:
👉 —Do you like apples? → —No.
👉 —Can we go home now? → —No.
⚠️注意:此时绝不能用"Not"代替!
2️⃣ 禁止标志/标语
放在句首表示强烈的禁止含义,具有命令语气:
🌰 No talking in class!(课堂上不许说话!)
🌰 No parking here!(此处禁止停车!)
这类句子相当于祈使句的否定形式,相当于汉语中的“不准...”。
3️⃣ 修饰名词作定语
直接放在名词前面构成否定性短语:
🌰 There is no milk left.(没有牛奶了。)= There isn't any milk left.
🌰 She has no friends at school.(她在学校没有朋友。)= She doesn't have any friends...
4️⃣ 表达绝对否定
强调完全不存在某事物时使用:
🌰 If you don't study hard, you will get no grades.(如果不努力学习,你将得不到分数。)
🌰 He gave me no chance to explain.(他没给我任何解释的机会。)

❌ Not的正确打开方式
not必须与其他词汇组合才能发挥作用,最常见的三种结构是:
1️⃣ 助动词+not缩略形式:
do/does/did + not → don't/doesn't/didn't
will/would + not → won't/wouldn't
🌰 I don't eat meat.(我不吃肉。)
🌰 She doesn't know the answer.(她不知道答案。)
2️⃣ be动词+not:am/is/are + not → am not(aren't)/isn't/are not(aren't)
🌰 He isn't my brother.(他不是我的哥哥。)
🌰 They aren't coming tomorrow.(他们明天不来。)
3️⃣ 情态动词+not:can/may/must等+not → can't/may not/mustn't
🌰 You can't play football here.(你不能在这里踢足球。)
🌰 You must not touch the machine.(严禁触摸机器。)
💡 易混淆案例对比训练
错误示范 | 正确改写 | 错误原因分析 |
---|---|---|
No, I am not hungry. | No, I'm not hungry. | “No”已完整回答问题,后面无需再加not |
Not run on the grass! | Don't run on the grass! / No running on the grass! | not不能单独引导祈使句 |
He no likes pizza. | He doesn't like pizza. | like是实义动词需用助动词否定 |
Is she your sister? → Not. | Is she your sister? → No. | 回答一般疑问句只能用No |
📝 专项练习建议
1️⃣ 填空题强化训练
例:__ smoking here! (答案:No)
He like chocolate. (答案:doesn't)

2️⃣ 情景造句练习
✅ 用no造句:制定三条家规(如No phones at dinner!)
✅ 用not造句:描述自己不喜欢的事物(如I don't watch TV after school.)
3️⃣ 改错游戏
找出并修正句子中的错误:
× She no goes to school on Sundays. → She doesn't go to school...
❓ FAQs常见问题解答
Q1: 为什么回答一般疑问句只能用No而不能写Not?
A: 因为英语语法规定,对Yes/No问句的简短回答只能是Yes或No开头。
—Does he play guitar? → No, he doesn't. (✔️正确)
若写成"Not."则属于语法错误,因为not不能独立作答,只有在完整句子中才能使用not构成否定结构。
Q2: “There is no book.”和“There is not a book.”有什么区别?
A: 两句话意思相同,但结构不同:
▸ "no + 名词"更简洁自然(口语常用):There is no book. = There isn't a book.
▸ "not a/an + 名词"侧重数量上的缺失(书面语更正式):There is not a single cloud in the sky.(天空中连一朵云都没有。)
建议优先使用"no"结构,因其更符合日常表达习惯。